le pr\u00e9sident Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed a de nouveau \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la situation environnementale de Gab\u00e8s<\/a>, appelant \u00e0 \u00ab prot\u00e9ger la population et l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de la r\u00e9gion des effets destructeurs de la pollution industrielle \u00bb. Ses propos interviennent alors que la contestation locale ne faiblit pas face \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me devenu embl\u00e9matique du dilemme tunisien : concilier d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et protection de l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n\n\n\nLe drame de Gab\u00e8s trouve ses racines dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, lorsque le Groupe Chimique Tunisien (GCT) installe son complexe industriel en bord de mer. L\u2019usine, destin\u00e9e \u00e0 transformer le phosphate en acide phosphorique et en engrais, g\u00e9n\u00e8re un d\u00e9chet colossal : le phosphogypse<\/strong>. Depuis pr\u00e8s d\u2019un demi-si\u00e8cle, des millions de tonnes de ce r\u00e9sidu toxique sont d\u00e9vers\u00e9es dans le golfe de Gab\u00e8s, entra\u00eenant une pollution marine massive.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAu fil des d\u00e9cennies, la mer a perdu une grande partie de sa biodiversit\u00e9 : disparition des herbiers de posidonie, effondrement des stocks halieutiques et mort d\u2019esp\u00e8ces marines autrefois abondantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cette d\u00e9gradation \u00e9cologique a un impact direct sur les habitants. Les p\u00eacheurs, pilier \u00e9conomique historique de Gab\u00e8s, voient leurs ressources s\u2019effondrer. Plusieurs familles abandonnent un m\u00e9tier transmis de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c0 cela s\u2019ajoutent les inqui\u00e9tudes sanitaires : maladies respiratoires, irritations, et suspicions d\u2019augmentation des cancers. M\u00eame si les autorit\u00e9s se montrent prudentes sur la causalit\u00e9, la population vit dans un climat de m\u00e9fiance et de peur permanente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Entre emploi et environnement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Le complexe chimique reste l\u2019un des plus gros employeurs de la r\u00e9gion. Des milliers de familles d\u00e9pendent de ses salaires, ce qui explique en partie la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 imposer une rupture radicale. Le pouvoir central se retrouve face \u00e0 un dilemme : d\u00e9placer ou moderniser l\u2019usine \u00e0 grands frais, ou maintenir une activit\u00e9 qui asphyxie l\u2019oasis et la mer mais assure des revenus imm\u00e9diats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cette dualit\u00e9 est au c\u0153ur de la col\u00e8re sociale : la population de Gab\u00e8s d\u00e9nonce une \u00ab injustice environnementale \u00bb, estimant payer le prix \u00e9cologique d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique qui profite au reste du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990, associations, collectifs citoyens et ONG alertent. Le mouvement \u201cStop Pollution\u201d<\/strong>, n\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9volution de 2011, a donn\u00e9 une nouvelle voix \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Mais malgr\u00e9 les promesses gouvernementales et les plans successifs de d\u00e9pollution, peu de mesures concr\u00e8tes ont vu le jour.<\/p>\n\n\n\nLes projets de d\u00e9placement des unit\u00e9s industrielles hors de la zone urbaine sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement annonc\u00e9s\u2026 puis report\u00e9s. Les habitants accusent les autorit\u00e9s de temporiser au nom des \u00e9quilibres financiers et de la puissance du lobby du phosphate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Un d\u00e9bat qui d\u00e9passe Gab\u00e8s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la situation de Gab\u00e8s illustre une contradiction nationale. La Tunisie, fortement d\u00e9pendante du secteur des phosphates, peine \u00e0 r\u00e9inventer son mod\u00e8le industriel. Dans un contexte de crise \u00e9conomique aigu\u00eb, la transition vers une \u00e9conomie verte reste un horizon lointain, m\u00eame si les discours politiques, comme celui de Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed, rappellent l\u2019urgence de prot\u00e9ger les populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La ville de Gab\u00e8s incarne ce choix impossible : pr\u00e9server les emplois li\u00e9s au phosphate ou sauver un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me et des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures. Un dilemme que le rappel pr\u00e9sidentiel d\u2019hier remet brutalement au centre du d\u00e9bat public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lire aussi : <\/strong>Gab\u00e8s : De nouveaux cas d\u2019intoxication \u00e0 Ghannouch secouent la r\u00e9gion<\/a>
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Hier, le pr\u00e9sident Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed a de nouveau \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la situation environnementale de Gab\u00e8s, appelant \u00e0 \u00ab prot\u00e9ger la population et l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de la r\u00e9gion des effets destructeurs de la pollution industrielle \u00bb. Ses propos interviennent alors que la contestation locale ne faiblit pas face \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me devenu embl\u00e9matique du dilemme tunisien : concilier […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3184,"featured_media":384591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2595],"tags":[2882,3126,2608],"class_list":["post-384590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-regions","tag-environnement","tag-gabes","tag-tunisie"],"yoast_head":"\n
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