{"id":183418,"date":"2016-04-13T16:48:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-13T16:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/fr\/blog\/degradation-de-liberte-de-presse-a-ete-profonde-preoccupante-2016-estime-rsf\/183418\/"},"modified":"2025-05-18T21:48:01","modified_gmt":"2025-05-18T21:48:01","slug":"degradation-de-liberte-de-presse-a-ete-profonde-preoccupante-2016-estime-rsf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.webdo.tn\/fr\/actualite\/international\/degradation-de-liberte-de-presse-a-ete-profonde-preoccupante-2016-estime-rsf\/183418\/","title":{"rendered":"La d\u00e9gradation de la libert\u00e9 de la presse a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0profonde et pr\u00e9occupante\u00a0\u00bb en 2016, estime RSF"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019\u00e9dition 2016 du Classement mondial de la libert\u00e9 de la presse, \u00e0 para\u00eetre le 20 avril, met en \u00e9vidence une d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019indice mondial et des indices de tous les continents, a estim\u00e9 l&rsquo;organisation Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res (RSF) dans un communiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>A l\u2019occasion de la parution du Classement, l\u2019organisation \u00e9tablit depuis 2013 un indice mondial et des indices par continents, qui permettent d\u2019\u00e9valuer la performance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des pays en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9 de la presse.<\/p>\n<p>Plus l\u2019indice est \u00e9lev\u00e9, pire est la situation. Or l\u2019indice mondial, \u00e0 3719 points l\u2019an dernier, s\u2019inscrit cette ann\u00e9e \u00e0 3857 points, soit une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de 3,71% et de 13,6% par rapport \u00e0 la situation de 2013.<br \/>\nPrise de contr\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias publics<br \/>\nLes raisons du recul de la libert\u00e9 de la presse sont nombreuses : d\u00e9rive liberticide des gouvernements, comme en Turquie ou en Egypte, prise de contr\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias publics, y compris en Europe, en Pologne par exemple, situations s\u00e9curitaires de plus en plus tendues, en Libye et au Burundi, ou carr\u00e9ment catastrophiques, comme au Y\u00e9men.<\/p>\n<p>Face aux id\u00e9ologies, notamment religieuses, hostiles \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de l\u2019information et aux grands appareils de propagande, la situation de l\u2019information ind\u00e9pendante est de plus en plus pr\u00e9caire dans le secteur public comme dans le domaine priv\u00e9. Partout dans le monde, des \u00ab\u00a0oligarques\u00a0\u00bb rach\u00e8tent les m\u00e9dias et exercent des pressions qui s\u2019ajoutent \u00e0 celles des \u00c9tats.<\/p>\n<p>Tous les indicateurs du Classement t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une d\u00e9gradation entre 2013 et 2016. C\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement le cas pour les infrastructures. Certains \u00c9tats n\u2019h\u00e9sitent pas \u00e0 suspendre l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet lorsqu\u2019ils ne d\u00e9truisent pas purement et simplement les locaux, les antennes ou les imprimeries des m\u00e9dias qui les d\u00e9rangent.<\/p>\n<p>Entre 2013 et 2016, on constate une chute de 16% de cet indicateur. D\u00e9t\u00e9rioration sensible \u00e9galement pour le cadre l\u00e9gal : nombre de lois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9dict\u00e9es, punissant les journalistes pour des incriminations fallacieuses telles qu\u2019\u00a0\u00bbinsultes au pr\u00e9sident\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0blasph\u00e8me\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0soutien au terrorisme\u00a0\u00bb.<br \/>\nTendance \u00e0 l\u2019autocensure<br \/>\nEffet secondaire de cette situation alarmante, les journalistes ont une tendance de plus en plus marqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019autocensure. L\u2019indicateur \u00ab\u00a0environnement et autocensure\u00a0\u00bb a ainsi reflu\u00e9 de plus de 10% entre 2013 et 2016. Tous les continents ont vu leur score se d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer.<\/p>\n<p>Les Am\u00e9riques d\u00e9vissent litt\u00e9ralement (20.5%) sous le poids d\u2019une Am\u00e9rique latine plomb\u00e9e par les assassinats et les attaques contre des journalistes au Mexique et en Am\u00e9rique centrale. Cette \u00e9volution n\u00e9gative touche \u00e9galement l\u2019Europe et les Balkans (6,5 %), en raison notamment de la mont\u00e9e en puissance de mouvements extr\u00e9mistes et de gouvernements ultraconservateurs.<\/p>\n<p>Quant au score, d\u00e9j\u00e0 mauvais, de la zone Asie centrale\/Europe de l\u2019Est, il se d\u00e9grade de 5%, sous l\u2019effet d\u2019une glaciation toujours plus forte de la libert\u00e9 de la presse et d\u2019expression dans des pays aux r\u00e9gimes autoritaires.<\/p>\n<p>Publi\u00e9 chaque ann\u00e9e depuis 2002 \u00e0 l\u2019initiative de RSF, le Classement mondial de la libert\u00e9 de la presse mesure le degr\u00e9 de libert\u00e9 dont jouissent les journalistes dans 180 pays gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie d\u2019indicateurs (pluralisme, ind\u00e9pendance des m\u00e9dias, environnement et autocensure, cadre l\u00e9gal, transparence, infrastructures, exactions).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La d\u00e9gradation de la 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